LSD (c) has shown mental health potential since April 19, 1943, the day Albert Hofmann, who first synthesized LSD, accidentally dosed himself and immediately understood its potential for understanding human consciousness. Hofmann could tell from the start that LSD might have therapeutic benefits, taken mindfully and within a safe context. After decades of psychedelic prohibition, LSD is once again emerging in research as a powerful tool in mental health treatment. In March 2024, the FDA granted Breakthrough Therapy status to Mind Medicine (MindMed) Inc.’s LSD compound, MM120, for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
What the Research Tells Us
Although published clinical trials are still limited, evidence supporting LSD’s role in the mental health space is accumulating. A study from 2023 shows that two dosing sessions of 200 micrograms of LSD reduced anxiety and comorbid depression among both individuals with and without life-threatening illness. Psychotherapy was provided during study visits between dosing sessions. A one-year follow-up study showed sustained effects of LSD, with overall improvements in symptoms of anxiety and depression. 33% of individuals remained in remission for anxiety while 47% were in remission for depression.
This year, MindMed reported results from their phase 2b clinical trial of lysergide d-tartrate, an analog of LSD they call MM120. These results, which have not yet been peer-reviewed, show that a single dose of 100 ug MM120 greatly improved anxiety symptoms, measured by the Hamilton Anxiety rating scale (HAM-A), compared to placebo. MindMed reported that 65% of participants showed a clinically significant response rate, and 48% achieved and maintained remission up to 12 weeks of follow up. Interestingly, psychotherapy was not provided as part of the therapeutic dosing session in this study. Safety and efficacy data from this trial met FDA requirements to meet designation by FDA as a Breakthrough Therapy.
LSD, like other psychedelics, seems to address the underlying psychological challenges that lead to symptoms of anxiety. Rather than working at the level of symptoms, LSD allows for a shift in consciousness that is described as transformative. These changes in the embodied experience of self can help open a person to new perspectives and understandings about themselves, their stories, and their emotions. Enhancing self-compassion might be one way that LSD supports the therapeutic process.
Breakthrough Therapy Designation: What Does It Mean?
The FDA reserves Breakthrough Therapy status for treatments that show potential for substantial improvement over existing options. This status fast-tracks the development and review process, with the goal of efficiently getting promising therapies out to the medical community. For the medical and psychotherapeutic communities, this designation is important because it signals that another psychedelic intervention, along with MDMA and psilocybin, is being seen as a hopeful treatment for mental health conditions. However, we have also seen, in recent developments with MDMA-assisted therapy, that Breakthrough Therapy Designation does not mean the FDA will immediately approve it as a legal and marketable substance.
Moving Forward
Among the mental health community, LSD and other psychedelic-assisted therapies offer the potential of new possibilities for growth and healing. One of the most promising aspects of psychedelic-assisted therapy is its ability to rapidly support wellbeing. These therapies are appealing to many who have struggled for years and have not benefited from traditional medications or treatment methods.
Because psychedelics work by altering perception and bringing forward potentially challenging material from the unconscious, these powerful medicines cannot be taken lightly. Side effects of LSD are still being researched, and there is much work to do to understand how each person’s unique genetics, life history, and current biopsychology might impact their experience of LSD-assisted therapy. Many scientists are hesitant about the mainstream hype around psychedelics, urging mindfulness and intentionality rather than “quick fixes.”
Conclusion
LSD is proving to be an effective tool in the treatment of anxiety. LSD, like other psychedelics, might help clients move through a “stuck” state of mind toward psychological flexibility. As we eagerly await the unfolding of research and regulations, we can get curious about the nuances and complexities of using psychedelics for uplifting and sustaining mental health.