What comes to mind for you when you read “sexual health”? Such a sterile term–a sensitive and ambiguous one at that–loaded with emotional associations and opinions. The World Health Organization defines sexual health as “a state of physical, emotional, mental and social wellbeing in relation to sexuality.” This means that sexual health is more than absence of dis-ease; it involves cultivating deep respect and fulfilling relationships with ourselves, with our sexual nature, and with others. The way we relate to our sexuality encourages us to make informed choices about our bodies and experience empowered sexual pleasure. By this definition, sexual health and associated mental well-being are not confined to any specific sexual identities. Sexual health is a foundational part of human biology, the root of lineage and belonging; yet, it is relatively understudied and unaddressed in medicine. The disconnect between sexual health and other facets of Western healthcare speaks to a severance between the wholeness of the Self and nature.
Psychosexual Health
Sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the nervous system innervate visceral organs of the thoracis, abdomen, and pelvic cavities. These fibers regulate states of activation and rest for the mobilization and conservation of energy. In particular, the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is deeply connected to psychological states of safety. Of the PNS, the vagus nerve and sacral spinal cord segments innervate pelvic floor muscles, fascia, and reproductive organs including clitoris, vagina, cervix, uterus, penile tissues, prostate, and seminal vesicles. In this way, internal and external sexual structures are directly tied to psychological wellbeing and feelings of security.
Cultivating Sexual Health
One measure of sexual health might be captured by a person’s relationship with their sexuality and sex organs. Sex (and the experience of sexual pleasure) is deeply intertwined with cultural norms and taboos, and as such is subject to shame, suppression of desire, and power dynamics. Our family of origin’s attitudes–whether implicit or outwardly discussed–deeply impact our ways of being with our sexuality, which, perhaps, makes it such a vulnerable topic. Complex cultural histories, societal biases, and stigmas can influence learned behaviors, experiences, and conceptualizations of sex that might be more positively or negatively associated. Cultivating sexual health is nurturing safety and trust within the body and through the nervous system. Safety and trust might be facilitated through neural repatterning like self-compassion practices and safe, slow self exploration of the many ways a body may experience pleasure. Positive sexual experiences with self and others can help foster feelings of intimacy, connection, and self-esteem.
Sexual health is a basic human need, across all sexual identities. Engaging in sexual health practices is an act of resilience and social justice. Addressing sexual health as health promotes consent, sexual autonomy, and deep understanding of self. These practices encourage nourishing healthy relationships (with self and others), advocating for sexual rights, and fostering comfortable communication around sexuality. Increasing awareness and access to up to date comprehensive sexual health education and resources may empower individuals to make informed decisions about their bodies and relationships, enhancing physical, mental, and spiritual wellbeing.
Conclusion
Sexual health is intricate, influenced by individual experiences, societal attitudes, and access to inclusive care. Striving toward sexual health is an opportunity for creativity, generativity, and authenticity. We can reclaim a felt sense of belonging in the sexual body and strengthen right relationship within the unified Self. How might we orient toward supporting sexual health for all anatomies and identities? It’s time for sexual health to be included inside of our definitions of health.